There's nothing quite like seeing dogs experience snow for the first time, whether it's firsthand or in a video. However, in the excitement that comes with sharing a new experience with your puppy, it can be easy to forget that your dog is generally not ready to go dive in piles of snow for hours on end. Most animals need some preparation before they can truly enjoy the cold weather without getting hurt. Read on below for some ground rules on how to prepare your dog for snow.
Understanding Your Pup's Needs
When determining what your dog needs for a winter walk, there are many things to consider. For example, a golden retriever puppy going in snow needs different supplies than a short-haired Vizsla adult. Likewise, the breed of your dog — including his size, fur length and intended purpose (hunting, companionship, etc.) — can tell you where to start. Still, most pups need the same basic gear.Clothing
Most dogs should be wearing two things when they brave the snow — a jacket and boots. If your dog has short fur, like a Vizsla or pug, a sweater will likely be necessary during the coldest days of the season. According to the American Kennel Club, you should find a sweater or jacket that's easy to put on and take off. Wool is a popular fabric choice but can be a hassle to take care of or become itchy for a dog with sensitive skin. Other options include wool blends and acrylic. Dogs suited to snow-heavy climates have paws with thicker pads and dense fur on their feet to protect them against the snow and ice. Per the AKC's guidelines, the best dog boots have textured and flexible soles for good grip, are waterproof and have adjustable hook-and-loop straps for a snug fit on any pooch. For both of these clothing articles, ensure the product you're getting is a proper fit for your pet so they stay as comfortable as possible.Other Forms of Protection
If you or your dog decides against wearing boots, there are other options. Many people use paw balm, which creates a waxy seal on your dog's paws to protect them from getting cold or hurt by the frozen ground. You can find this at a pet store, or you can make your own!Keeping Your Dog Safe in the Snow
There are two main hazards to watch for when taking your puppy outside in the winter — ice and antifreeze. Ice can be just as dangerous for our four-legged pets as it is for humans. Taking a fall in icy weather can lead to scratched paws and broken bones. Antifreeze, road salt and other chemicals commonly found on the road might be even more dangerous than ice. Even just a teaspoon of antifreeze can lead to kidney failure for a dog. Signs of antifreeze poisoning include vomiting, seizures and excessive thirst, or a generally "drunken" appearance. If your dog exhibits these symptoms, see a veterinarian as soon as possible.A Note on Your Pup's Paws
Remember that animals are conditioned to clean themselves. If your dog is not wearing boots, anything he steps on while on your walk will likely end up in his mouth and digestive system. Since the substances on the road in winter can be dangerous, make sure to care for your dog's paws! Upon returning inside, wipe your pup's feet with warm towels and check them for bruises or scratches. Then, apply — or reapply! — a paw balm to prevent dryness from walking on salt and other harsh chemicals. Similarly, if you notice your dog's paws are still wet long after your outdoor excursion, consider trimming their fur. Fur that hangs over the foot or drags on the ground is likely to form ice balls between paw pads and toes, making an already cold walk even more uncomfortable. Some longer-haired breeds, such as golden retrievers, may have this snow-related issue more often than others.Other Tips to Prepare Your Dog for Winter Weather
Here are a few other tips to add to your checklist when taking your dog outside in the winter:- Make sure they hydrate: Bundling up your dog before going outside will keep them warm, and a fun activity like leaping into snow for the first time will generate plenty of heat too. Like humans, dogs need to replace the water leaving their bodies during physical exertion. At home, make sure your dog's water bowl always has fresh water. When you're out, bring a plastic dish along — metal ones freeze! — in case you notice your dog in need of a drink.
- Give them extra treats or food: Your dog also needs more food in the winter, as his body uses more energy to keep warm in cold climates. Even better, your pooch is sure to thank you for the extra treats!
- Make your house warmer: Just as you might use a heavy down comforter in the winter, your dog might appreciate the extra warmth too! This is especially true for shorter-haired dogs who find themselves chilly inside and out during the winter months.
- Pay special attention to older and sick dogs: Dogs with weakened immune systems, such as puppies and the elderly, are at increased risk of developing hypothermia or breaking a bone if they slip on ice. It's essential to keep these dogs inside as much as possible.
- Take shorter walks: All dogs, save for cold-weather breeds, should reduce their time outside during the winter months. If you can, take shorter routes for your walks and never leave your dog outside unattended, even in your backyard.
- Watch your dog's comfort level: Most importantly, pay attention to your dog. Shivering, lethargy and shallow breathing are all signs of hypothermia in dogs. If your dog begins to display these symptoms during a walk, get him inside immediately. Wrap him in warm blankets and place a hot water bottle against his abdomen. Seek medical attention if his temperature falls below 98 degrees Fahrenheit.